They had regular trade with Mesopotamia and the Middle East. Harappan settlements were urbanized and well-organized. The Indus Valley Civilization: An ornamented past, revealed in 5,000-year-old artifacts and jewelry.Archaeologists say the Indus civilization wasn’t nearly as peaceful as popularly thought.It was because of this discovery that the civilization was called ‘Harappan.’ In 1826, the British army deserter James Lewis noticed the presence of ruins in a small town in Punjab called Harappa. Some of the first accounts of the Indus Valley Civilization were recorded in the 1800s by the British. Black arrow indicates the direction of monsoon moisture transport from Bay of Bengal. Map of Northwest India and Pakistan showing the locations of main Harappan settlements including phosphate sampling site of Bhirrana, Haryana, IWIN precipitation sampling station at Hisar and two paleo-lakes Riwasa and Kotla Dahar studied earlier. Moreover, the researchers discovered that from 7,000 years ago onwards, the monsoons became progressively weaker.
The researchers believe that this change in their subsistence strategy - shifting crop patterns from the large-grained cereals like wheat and barley during the early part of the intensified monsoon to drought-resistant species of small millets and rice in the later part of declining monsoon - played a large role in the civilization’s fall as well. This was the beginning of a new era in the civilization’s existence.ĭiorama reconstruction of everyday life in Indus Valley Civilization, New Delhi. They did not disappear, but they changed their farming practices by switching from water-intensive crops to drought-resistant crops. The people of the Harappan Civilization did not seem to give up despite the weakening monsoon. The most recent research by the Indian team also suggests that climate change was probably not the sole cause for the collapse of the civilization. The team believes that the civilization spread over a vast expanse of India, but the only evidence for this came from British excavations. The Extensive Indus Valley Sites of Gujarat.Decoding the mysterious ancient Indus Valley script will shed light on powerful ancient civilization.The monsoon was much stronger between 9000 years and 7000 years from now and probably fed these rivers making them mightier with vast floodplains.'' Our study shows that the pre-Harappan humans started inhabiting this area along the Ghaggar-Hakra rivers in a climate that was favourable for human settlement and agriculture. The oxygen isotope in mammal bones and teeth preserve the signature of ancient meteoric water and in turn the intensity of monsoon rainfall. "We analysed the oxygen isotope composition in the bone and tooth phosphates of these remains to unravel the climate pattern. Arati Deshpande Mukherjee of Deccan College, who helped analyze the finds along with researchers at the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad, explained: These remains were put through Carbon 14 testing. The team unearthed large quantities of animal remains including horn cores and the teeth and bones of cow, goat, antelope, and deer. Panoramic view of the excavation of mature Harappan stage at Bhirrana view from North-east. However, they discovered something much more impressive. They wanted to prove that the Indus Valley civilization spread to other Indian sites like Bhirrana and Rakhigarrhi in Haryana, apart from the known locations of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro in Pakistan. They also dug in a mostly unexplored site, Bhirrana. The researchers set out to explore Lothal, Dholavira, and Kalibangan in India. 6,000 years ago) and the pre-Harappan Hakra phase - as far back as 8,000 years. The team discovered the oldest pottery from the civilization, which was made during the period called Early Mature Harappan (c. The leader of the project, Anindya Sarkar, also believes that their research provides evidence that the civilization did not fall due to climate change but was influenced by it. The discovery may mean that history books will have to be rewritten because earlier it was believed that the Indus Valley civilization was only 5,500 years old. So-called "Priest King" statue, Mohenjo-Daro, late Mature Harappan period, National Museum, Karachi, Pakistan. The results of the study by scientists from IIT-Kharagpur and the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) were published in the journal Nature on May 25. Moreover, the researchers show that its power dwindled because of weaker monsoons.Īccording to The Times of India, the Indus Valley Civilization (also known as the Harappan Civilization) existed at least 8,000 years ago, making it one of the oldest known civilizations in the world – along with the Egyptian (7000BC to 3000BC) and Mesopotamian (6500BC to 3100BC) civilizations. A recent discovery suggests that the Indus Valley Civilization is at least 8,000 years old, not 5,500 as previously believed.
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